• History and significance of agriculture

• Types of agriculture: traditional, organic, and modern farming

• Overview of agricultural systems and ecosystems

• Understanding soil types and fertility

• Soil testing methods and nutrient management

• Selecting crops based on soil type, climate, and region

• Seed selection, germination, and transplanting methods

• Irrigation techniques: drip, sprinkler, and flood irrigation

• Pest control: organic vs. chemical methods

• Crop rotation and intercropping

• Overview of common agricultural machinery (tractors, combines, etc.)

• Precision farming and modern technology in agriculture

• Sustainable farming techniques: reducing resource waste

• Urban farming and vertical agriculture

• Climate-smart farming

• Role of government policies and subsidies